Despite the limits imposed by the outcome of the ENIC case to the MCO model, multi-club ownership in football has nevertheless proliferated, particularly in the last decade. As of 2016, more than 20 clubs in the top 15 European leagues[1] were linked to MCO structures.[2] Currently, there are at least 40. Today, there exist at least 21 individual cases of MCO involving clubs from the top divisions of the so-called big-5 European leagues (England, Spain, Germany, Italy and France) alone; 18 of them originated from 2013, 14 when only the past five years are considered.